Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 2 Targets and Indicators and Need of the Course Correction after the Pandemic and Achieving SDG and going to Moon, Mars and Beyond

What is SDG2? https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal2 It is, the End of Hunger, Achieving Food Security, and Improving Nutrition, and promotion of sustainable Agriculture In 2020 due to Pandemic, with added woes, almost 2.37 Billion people are sleeping without Food and are suffering from malnourishment too, as per the 2021 SDG Report, hence, a course correction after pandemic is definitely required for the 2030 targets: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2021/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2021.pdf What are the Targets and Indicators of SDG2? Reference: YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3UFRsFZOaU Targets 2.1: Ending the hunger and getting nutritious food access throughout the year to not only infants but all the inclusive population living normally or even if facing the vulnerable situations, like pandemic or earthquake or tsunami, etc. What are the indicators? Indicator 2.1.1:Prevalence to undernourishment, Example 1. It was 15.9% in India 219,420,000 i.e. almost 1/6th of the India’s total 1.38 billion population was insecure for food in India in 2020, due to added woes of pandemic. Example 2. It was 10.5% in USA i.e. almost 13.8 million were food insecure even in USA. Indicator 2.1.2: Prevalence to Food Insecurity as per the Food Insecurity Inexperience Scale (FIES) as per the https://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ i.e. During the last 12 months or 1 year, was there a time when, because of lack of money or other resources, as per the The FIES Survey Module: 1. You were worried you would not have enough food to eat? 2. You were unable to eat healthy and nutritious food? 3. You ate only a few kinds of foods? 4. You had to skip a meal? 5. You ate less than you thought you should? 6. Your household ran out of food? 7. You were hungry but did not eat? 8. You went without eating for a whole day? Targets 2.2 : Ending all kinds of Malnutrition at all the levels in men, women and children and all inclusive population. What are its indicators? Indicator 2.2.1 Prevalence of Stunting, means height of children under 5 years age don't grow as per the WHO standards Indicator 2.2.2 Prevalence of Malnutrition, means the children under 5 age show Weight/ Height Ratio +2 or – 2 deviation. Indicator 2.2.3 Prevalence of Anaemia among women aged 15 to 49 years age Target 2.3 Doubling the Agriculture production and income of Agriculture and Pastoral dependant people at the bottom of the pyramid including women, marginal family farmers, indigenous people, pastoralists and fishers. They will get knowledge, inputs, financial support, market and opportunities for value addition for non farm employments. What are the indicators? Indicator 2.3.1: Volume of production per labor unit by Farming class Volume of production per labor unit by Pastoral and Volume of production per labor unit by Forestry enterprise size Indicator 2.3.2: Average Income of small scale producers, and the target is to grow their income by 2030. Target 2.4: Ensuring Sustainable Food production system with resilient farming practises to improve efficiency and effectiveness in farming activities, that could prevail in extreme climatic and weather conditions. Indicator 2.4.1: “Proportion of Agriculture under productive and sustainable agriculture!” Target 2.5: Target was to have traditional seeds bank of agriculture and even fair and equitable access to genetically modified seeds by 2020, but again pandemic may push this work further. There was also a target to share knowledge of diversity of domestic animals and wild species and utilising benefits on internationally agreed norms. Indicator 2.5.1: Conservation of Plants and Animals medium to long term. Indicator 2.5.2: Proportion of breeds of not at risk, at risk and at the level of extinction categories be fully known and a plan to conserve them, to maintain the diversity of the nature. Target 2.a: Increased investment and international cooperation in agriculture research, extension, technology services, live stock gene banks, to enhance the capacity of agriculture in all the nations but focus will be particularly on the least developed countries, which are mostly dependant on their own agriculture as a local food source. Indicators 2.a.1: Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for Government Expenditure: This AOI went down from 0.52 in 2000 to 0.45 in 2010 but again picking up and it’s increasing globally from 0.45 in 2010 to 0.53 in 2019. It’s proportion of: {The Agriculture (agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting sector) Share of Government Expenditures} / {The Agriculture Share of GDP}, Indicators 2.a.2: Total Official Flow to the Agriculture Sector, India spends 7.3%, China 9.6% and Bhutan 12%. while Malawi spends almost 18% (highest in the world) of its GDP on Agriculture. Target 2.b: Correction and Prevention of Agriculture Subsidies, elimination in trade restrictions as per Doha Development Round. Indicator 2.b.1: Agriculture Export Subsidies There are many views and counterviews on this, throughout the world. Target 2.c: To prevent the extreme food price volatility, adaptation of sound market system and information flow is required. Indicator 2.c.1: Indicator of Food Price Anomalies (IFPA), Abnormal or Irregular or Strange Volatility of price over short period. Shared as #LifeLesson 6599 #CEOLesson #SoulutionMaster #SolutionMaster #UbuntuLesson #SDGLesson #SpaceAgeLesson Dr. Ashish Manohar, Soulution Master, India